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学习知识|be动词有哪些，be动词的虚拟形式( 三 )

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功能一 ， 系动词be
be为连系动词 ， 中心词义是"是" ， 句型为"主＋系＋表"结构 。 be的形式常用am, is, are(现在式)；was, were(过去式)；will/can/may/must be(助动词/情态动词＋原形)；have/has/had been(助动词＋过去分词)等 。 如：
To help animals is helping people.(一般现在时)
The twins were very busy yesterday.(一般过去时)
It will be sunny tomorrow.(一般将来时)

She has been ill for over a week.(现在完成时)

功能二 ， 助动词be
助动词be ， 无词义 ， 辅助主要动词一起在句中作谓语动词 。
用法如下：
1. be+doing：构成进行时态 ， 有现在和过去两种进行时态 。
如：
The girls is reading and copying the new words now.
Young Tom was always asking questions and trying out new ideas.

2. be+done：构成被动语态(主语是动作的承受者 ， done必须是及物动词) 。
如：
Tea is grown in my hometown.(一般现在时的被动语态)
This building was built three years ago.(一般过去时的被动语态)
Our classroom has been cleaned and tidied already.(现在完成时的被动语态)
How could this kind of cakes be made in your home?(含情态动词的被动语态)
That is a day never to be forgotten.(动词不定式的被动语态)
3. be+going to do ， 表示"打算或将要做某事" ， be有现在和过去两种形式 。
如：
We are going to plant trees in the park.

I didn't know if she was going to come here.

4. be+to do ， 表示"按计划安排将要做某事" 。
如：
The new shop is not to be opened till next Monday.
One night an angel came to Mary and told her that she was to have this special boy.

功能三 ， there be
there be句式为：
there be+主语部分＋状语部分 ， 表示"某处存在某物" ， be常用现在时 ， 过去时和将来时等 。
如：
Oh, cool! And there are many things to see.
There is even a deer park in Sanya.

There are about 80 pyramids in Egypt.
Will there be a football match in your school next week?

功能四 ， 实义be
可以将be视为实义动词 ， 因为它具有实际的词义 ， 如"成为;做;发生;举行;逗留;到达"等 。
如：

His daughter wants to be a doctor for animals in her twenties.
Kate's birthday party will be at half past six this evening.
Jim has been in China for more than two years, but he has not yet been to Yichang.
be动词的用法
英语的“be”是个特别动词；有些语言 ， 如中文和马来文 ， 并没有“be”这样的动词 。
“Be”除了原形的“be”之外 ， 还有另外七种形式：am, is, are, been, being, was, were.
在句子中 ， “be”可以是主动词(The Principal Verb)或助动词(The Auxiliary Verb).
当主动词时 ， “be”在性质上属于接系动词(The Linking Verb), 后面要有名词、形容词、地方副词或短语作补足语(The Complement) 。
例如：
1. The man is a science teacher.
2. Mary's new dresses are colourful.
3. I have been there before.
4. Mother is in the kitchen now.
这四个都是陈述句 ， 可以变成疑问句 ， 方法简单 ， 把主语和“be”或助动词对换位置即可：
5. Is the man a science teacher?
6. Are Mary's new dresses colourful?
7. Have I been there before?
8. Is mother in the kitchen now?
当“be”要在祈使句中出现时 ， 它必须借重助动词“do”或“don't”之助 ，
如：
9. Don't be silly!
10. Do be obedient!
11. Don't be a fool!
“Be”有两种缩写法 ， 如下：
12. He's not...../He isn't....
13. You're not...../You aren't...
但“am + not”的缩写法只有一个：
14. I'm not.
有人用“ain't”, 但这并不是标准英语 。
谈过了“be”作主动词的功能 ， 现在看看“be”作助动词时 ， 有些什么用法：

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