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2021年高考英语重点语法梳理总结

想要学好英语首先先你要端正心态，不要急躁，平静的做你自己的事，这样才能静下心来学习 。下面是小编为大家整理的有关高考英语重点语法总结，希望对你们有帮助!

2021年高考英语重点语法梳理总结

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1高考英语重点语法总结：直接引语和间接引语
(一)直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语;用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语 。间接引语一般构成宾语从句 。直接引
语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号 。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人
称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变 。
1.时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词
said,asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过
去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时，等等 。例如：
Tom said to me,“My brother is doing his homework.”
【2021年高考英语重点语法梳理总结】→Tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
2.人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化：
根据意义进行相应的变化，例如：
She asked Jack,“Where have you been?”
→She asked Jack where he had been.
He said,“These books are mine.”
→He said that those books were his.
(二)直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同
。直接引语如果是一般疑问句，用连接词whether或if;如果是特殊疑问句，则用疑问词引导间接引语 。转述的动词一般用asked，
可以在其后加上一个间接宾语me,him,her,us等 。如：
She said,“Is your father at home?”
→She asked me if/whether my father was at home.
“What do you do every Sunday?”My friend asked me.
→My friend asked me what I did every Sunday.
直接引语如果是祈使句，改为间接引语时，要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式，并在不定式的前面根据原句的语气(
即请求或命令)加上ask,tell,order等动词，如果祈使句为否定式，则在不定式前加not 。其句型为：ask/tell/order
someone
(not)to do something.例如：
She said to us,“Please sit down.”
→She asked us to sit down.
He said to him,“Go away!”
→He ordered him to go away.
He said,“Don’t make so much noise,boys.”
→He told the boys not to make so much noise.
2高考英语重点语法总结：各种时态的被动语态被动语态概述
被动语态的概念：它是动词的一种形式，表示主语与谓语之间的执行或被执行关系 。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，例如：They saw the
little boy crying by the river.被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者，例如：The little boy was seen
crying by the river.
被动语态的构成
被动语态的形式是由“助动词be+动词的过去分词”构成 。助动词be随着主语的人称、数、时态等的不同而变化 。几种常见时态的被动语态形式如下：
1.一般现在时am/is/are+过去分词
例如：Rice is planted in the south of China.
2.一般过去时was/were+过去分词
例如：These trees were planted the year before last.
3.一般将来时will/shall+be+过去分词
例如：A sports meeting will be held next week in our school.
4.现在进行时am/is/are+being+过去分词
例如：Your radio is being repaired now.
5.过去进行时was/were+being+过去分词
When he got there,the problem was being discussed.
6.现在完成时have/has+been+过去分词
His work has been finished.
Has his work been finished? Yes,it has./No,it hasn’t.
7.过去完成时had+been+过去分词
注意：1.除了be之外的其它系动词如get,stay等也可以和过
去分词构成被动语态 。例如：Their questions haven’t got answered.
2.含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态使用“情态动词+be+过去分词”结构 。例如：
More attention should be paid to the old in this country.
This work can’t be done until Mr.Black comes.
3.含有“be going to”,“be to”等结构的谓语，其被动语态分别用“be going to+be+过去分词”和“be
to+be+过去分词” 。例如：The problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.
All these books are to be taken to the library.
4.被动语态与系表结构的区别：“连系动词+用作表语的过去分词”构成的系表结构，与被动语态的形式完全一样，所以应注
意它们的区别 。被动语态中的过去分词是动词，多强调动作;系表结构中的过去分词相当于形容词，多强调状态 。前者通常可用by
引出动作的执行者，而后者则不可以 。例如：
The map was changed by someone.(被动结构)
That custom remained unchanged for many centuries.(系表结构)
系表结构中的过去分词通常可被very修饰，被动语态中的过去分词往往要用much修饰 。
例如：He was very excited.(系表结构)
He was much excited by her words.(被动结构)
5.主动形式表被动意义 。有些动词的主动形式有被动意味，如
open,read,sell,shut,wash,wear,write等 。此时句子的主语一般是物 。
例如：These books sell well.这些书很畅销 。
The door won’t shut.这门关不上 。
The clothes wash well.这些衣服很好洗 。

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